În așteptarea unor studii populaționale genomice… o listă cu studii populaționale în care s-au folosit markeri genetici, efectuate pe teritoriul României. Articolele sunt împărțită în funcție de tipul sau localizarea markerilor – ADNmt, cromozomul Y și ADNn (listă în continuă dezvoltare):
Etichetă: ADNmt
mtGenome resolution of the two most common Romanian haplotypes R0 and X2e1b and evaluation of point heteroplasmy detection by massively parallel sequencing
Turchi C, Stanciu F, Buscemi L, Tagliabracci A, „mtGenome resolution of the two most common Romanian haplotypes R0 and X2e1b and evaluation of point heteroplasmy detection by massively parallel sequencing”, Poster at Haploid Markers 2016 – Update on DNA variation, 10th International Y Chromosome workshop • 7th International EMPOP meeting. Berlin, May 20-21, 2016.
Abstract:
In the last years has been largely demonstrated that massively parallel sequencing technologies (MPS) offers new possibilities for forensic genetics, both for the more information that may be obtained in a single experiment from unique samples by analyzing combinations of markers, both for the analytical cost-effectiveness. In particular, the full mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) sequencing using MPS has largely applied in the forensic context, as the throughput and sensitivity of the technology resulting in far more efficient data production than can be achieved via Sanger sequencing. Massively parallel sequencing of entire mtGenome increases the power of discrimination, allows more comprehensive heteroplasmy detection, as well as high phylogenetic resolution, with respect to sequence information recovered from the solely control region (CR). Considering this limited range, some samples share identical haplotypes, especially the most frequent mtDNA CR types that are typical of different populations. In an original dataset of 407 Romanian sequences (Turchi C. et al, in press), collected from the general population belonging to four major historical regions Moldavia, Transylvania, Wallachia and Dobruja, we observed 277 (68%) distinct haplotypes of which 220 (79%) were unique. The most common haplotype 16519C, 263G, 315.1C, (haplogroup R0) was shared by twenty-five individuals (6%), while the second most common haplotype 16126C, 16189A, 16223T, 16278T, 16519C, 73G, 195C, 263G, 315.1C (haplogroup X2e1b) was shared by ten individuals (4%). In order to investigate the degree of variation inside these two clades, twenty-one samples were submitted to entire mtGenome sequencing using the Personal Genome Machine (PGM). In the same dataset, point heteroplasmic positions were observed at nine different sites (152Y, 185R, 214R, 225R, 235R, 16093Y, 16172Y, 16189Y and 16399R) in fifteen different samples. The ability to identify and utilize the discrimination potential of heteroplasmy will significantly enhance the value of mtDNA analysis in forensic casework, but at present this condition is commonly disregarded mostly due to the poor sensitivity of the Sanger sequencing in detecting low-level heteroplasmy. Several studies have been carried out recently regarding the threshold for heteroplasmy detection by MPS, being generally suggested that this methodology is more sensitive and accurate. To investigate the level of point heteroplasmy and estimate alleles quantification, fifteen samples showing PHP in the control region were submitted to mtGenome sequencing and the sequences obtained through the PGM are compared to those obtained by Sanger sequencing to determine heteroplasmy detection threshold with both technologies.
Un mit pe cale să fie spulberat: românii nu au exclusiv gene de daci și romani, așa cum se crede
Suntem un amestec de influențe latino-eleno-slave.
România face noi pași spre cunoașterea trecutului său genetic prin proiectul mtDNA.350RO. Inițiativa nu a venit de la noi, ci din Italia, dar cel care ține frâiele acestui proiect de mare importanță este Florin Stanciu, un tânăr cercetător genetician de la Institutul Național de Criminalistică care vorbește cu pasiune despre munca sa și despre uimitoarele mistere ascunse în genele noastre, pe cale de a fi dezvăluite grație noilor descoperiri științifice.
Cea mai veche probă de ADNmt de la un hominid are aproximativ 400.000 de ani.
mtDNA control region forensic database in the Romanian population and deep investigation of the most frequent haplotypes
Turchi C, Stanciu F, Tagliabracci A, „mtDNA control region forensic database in the Romanian population and deep investigation of the most frequent haplotypes”, Poster at DNA in Forensics 2014. 9th Y-User Workshop and 6th EMPOP meeting. Abstract book, Brussels 14-16 mai 2014, P33, p.110.
Abstract:
Romanian population is composed of 88.92% Romanians, 6.5% Hungarians, 3.29% Roma and 1.29% other populations (2011 census). From the historical point of view Romanians are an admixture of local and surrounding populations. Romania can be ided in 4 major historical regions, each with its particular populations influence: Moldavia that during the past was the Eastern Europe border in front of Mongol, Tatar and Ottoman invasions; Transylvania, where the Austro-Hungarian Empire had an important influence; Wallachia, whose population is the result of Roman Empire conquests, the Slav migration from the north, and the Turkish south-east influence; and Dobruja, in the past conquered by Greeks, Romans, Tatars, Turks and Slavs. Previous genetic studies made on Y-STR markers suggest that the Slavic influences were dominant and from the perspective of general population (autosomal markers) the dominant influences were Slavic, Italian, Greek and Turkish; unfortunately there are limited data on mtDNA variation in the general population. In order to analyze the heterogeneity of Romanian population from a mitochondrial lineages point of view and to establish appropriate mtDNA forensic database, we generate a high-quality mtDNA control region data from a Romanian population sample. ~400 healthy Romanian donors, from different regions of the country, were subjected to control region sequence analysis. Two PCR fragments were sequenced by using ten different sequencing primers, according to forensic standards. To ensure high data quality at least a double reading of each site and an independent evaluation of electropherograms were performed. A phylogenetic approach for a posteriori analysis of the mtDNA types was applied and sequences were aligned according to the mitochondrial phylogeny. To increase the utility of mtDNA analysis in forensics, the Personal Genome Machine was used to sequence complete mtGenomes of the most common haplotypes, in order to investigate in more detail specific coding region variations.